Nanostructured indium tin oxide (ITO) thin films have been grown by chemical spray pyrolysis method on flexible polyimide (PI) polymeric substrates at various temperatures (400, 450 and 500oC) using solutions of indium and tin chlorides as precursors. The composition, microstructure, surface morphology, thermal, electrical, and optical characteristics have been analysed by FT-IR, UV–Vis, X-ray diffraction, SEM, EDAX, atomic force microscopy, electrical measurements, TGA, etc. X-ray diffraction measurements employing Cu-Ka radiation showed that the ITO films were polycrystalline with a cubic bixbyite structure. An increment in average grain size, electrical conductivity and optical transmittance was observed at higher substrate temperature. ITO-coated films maintained the mechanical properties and stability of the pristine PI films. The adhesion between surface ITO layers and PI matrix was found acceptable.

Chemical Bath Deposition (CBD) was used to create vertically aligned Co-doped zinc oxide nanorods (ZnO NRs) on a PolyEthylene Terephthalate (PET), known as PET substrate. The effects of Co concentration (0, 1, 2, and 4%) on optical and structural, and morphological characteristics of the ZnO NanoRods (NRs) were investigated using Field-Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis, and PhotoLuminescence (PL) studies. According to the XRD data, Co-doping improved the crystal quality of ZnO NanoRods (NRs). The average size of ZnO NRs rose as the concentration of Co was enhanced, as seen by the FESEM images. The photoluminescence findings showed that Co-doping significantly improved the ZnO NRs optical quality.

Background: Bacterial sensors are recommended for medical sciences, pharmaceutical industries, food industries, and environmental monitoring due to low cost, high sensitivity, and appropriate response time. There are some advantages of using bacterial spores instead of bacteria in vegetative forms as spores remain alive without any nutrient for a long time and change to vegetative form when a suitable environment is provided for them. Methods: For biosensor fabrication, it is important to define how the bacterial spores are delivered to the substrate media. The main purpose of this paper is an investigation of transferring bacterial spores on a flexible substrate media using a commercial inkjet printer (HP Deskjet 1510). It should be noted that in the previous researches, the special printers were used to transfer bacteria on rigid films. Results: These printed bacterial spores are used as a colorimetric temperature indicator. The custom-made bio-inks are prepared by bacterial spores along with a gelling agent and pH indicator. Conclusions: Finally, transformation of bacterial spores into vegetative bacteria is occurred by changing of temperature. A color change in the bio-prints is demonstrated because the bacterial transformation and growth change the environmental pH to an acidic level.

Because Steel Gabled Frame, SGF, is essentially a lightweight, in most cases, in addition to the horizontal earthquake component, their vertical component is also ignored. That's while with an increase of SGF bay, structural mass increases significantly and as a Result, vertical motion can produce large inertial forces in the structural members. Previous research shows destructive effects of this component in both concrete and steel structure systems, but so far the effect of earthquake vertical component on SGF has not been Studied before. Therefore this paper could open a new window of study on this type of Structure against both horizontal and vertical motions. Moreover, reviewing the behavior of SGF under the effect of Soil-Structure Interaction (SSI) can help to achieve the better understanding of the SGF Structural Behavior. For this purpose, in this research 4 types of SGF with 20 and 60 m span, and 6 and 12 m height has been considered. Incremental Dynamic Analysis (IDA) with and without regard to the effects of the vertical component as well as SSI was conducted. Then, results were presented in the form of fragility curves at three different performance levels. Results Indicate that vertical component of an earthquake has an important and decisive role in the behavior of SGFs. For example, with considering both vertical and horizontal motion effects, the SGFs enters nonlinear region immediately in comparison with considering horizontal component only. Moreover, reducing the capacity and increasing the probability of fragility and collapse are the most important effects of vertical and horizontal motion simultaneously. But, Consider Soil-Structural Interaction has a less impact on the seismic behavior of SGFs.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Tibia fracture is one of the most common long bone fractures in body and primary treatment of open fracture always worries surgeons. The aim of this study was to evaluate the treatment of open tibia fractures by flexible medullary nailing.METHODS: This descriptive-analytical study was performed on 44 patients suffering from open tibial fractures treated with flexible medullary nails in Shahid Beheshti and Yahyanejad hospitals from 1998-2001. In this study with limited incision, fixation of open fractures (gustilo type I to type IIIA) was done by 2-3 nails (3mm or 3.5mm). Demographic information associated with variables such as infection, for 1.5 years followed up in patients and data was analyzed by ANOVA test.FINDINGS: Mean age of patients was 29.8 years and 37(84.1%) patients were male. The average time of union was 6.1 months. There were 2(4.5%) patients with deep infection and 7(15.9%) with superfacial infection. Delayed union was seen in 4(9.1%) patients and malunion was seen in 1(2.3%) patient and there was not non-union.CONCLUSION: Results of this study showed that flexible medullary nailing is a reliable method for treatment of open tibia fractures.

Regarding to the low rate of conventional Ni-P electroless plating method that needs more time to make a coating on the substrate surface, a new technique called “, substrate local heating”,was introduced based on the temperature parameter modification and its advantages were expressed and compared to the conventional electroless plating technique (temperature=90°, C, pH=4. 7). In order to provide necessary equipment making this approach practicable, electrical resistance was used as the heating source, and air injection and cooling water circulation were employed to control the solution temperature near the substrate and in the bulk solution, respectively. Considering the heater power (1000 W), the substrate and bulk temperatures were about 190°, C and 80°, C, respectively. This novel method could enhance the plating rate up to 32 µ, m/h which was about 60% greater than that of the conventional method, 20 µ, m/h. Moreover, benefits such as local plating, reduction of production costs, and formation of functionally graded coatings (FGC) can be achieved.

Introduction: The arches of foot are an integral part of foot complex. It is supported by ligaments and muscles. Many factors attribute to flattening of these arches. One of those factors is overweight. But the type of flatfoot which is caused due to overweight is not yet clear. Thus this project aims at finding the prevalence of different types of flatfoot due to overweight. Methods: A total of 96 individuals between the age group of 18-35 participated in this study. The study was approved by the institutional ethics committee (IEC). Calculated BMI using qutelet index and flatfoot was determined using foot print. Type of foot print was determined using Toe extension test. Results: The study result indicated that the prevalence of rigid flatfoot was more than flexible flatfoot in overweight individuals. Conclusion: There is a significant correlation between BMI and prevalence of rigid and flexible flat foot whereas there is no correlation of the flat foot with age and gender.

We introduce and investigate the concept of flexibility in a groupoid, and extend it to RM-algebras, and present several examples and these properties. We observe that condition flexibility is strong, and most known algebras of logic will be trivial with this condition. It is proved that every KL-algebra and BE-algebra are flexible, and every flexible CI-algebra is a BE- algebra. We present that the flexible groups are trivial. Moreover, we apply two conditions (I) and (H) in a groupoid and prove that in a RM-algebra, they will be equivalent.